Somatic embryo formation by cultured ovules of Cabernet Sauvignon grape: Effects of fertilization and of the male gameticide toluidine blue

Maximum numbers of pollen tubes were found in styles of plants growing at 27 °C (day) and 22 °C (night). Fertilization generally occurred by 24 h after anthesis. Treatment of both isolated pollen and inflorescences of intact vines with toluidine blue (10-100mg l-1) reduced pollen germination and tube growth. Pollen tubes which penetrated the styles of toluidine blue-treated flowers appeared to be abnormal. Somatic embryos were produced with equal frequency by nucellus tissue from cultured ovules from both normally-fertilized and toluidine blue-treated flowers. There was degeneration of embryosacs in all cultured ovules. The grape appears to be unresponsive to toluidine blue as an inducer of haploid parthenogenesis

Organogenesis in internode explants of grapevines

Organogenesis was studied in cultured internodes of grapevine cultivars, hybrids and species. Adventitious root formation occurred with a wide range of media and genotypes. Adventitious buds were formed in explanrts grown in ag1tated liquid culture with NITscH medium supplemented with benzyladenine (1 μM) and 2,4-D (5 μM} or a mixture of 2,4-D and ß-naphthoxyacetic acid (5 μM). Bud formation occurred only in cultures derived from seedlings of Muscadinia rotundifolia, Gloryvine (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis rupestris ScHEELE) and V. vinifera x Gloryvine, i.e. (Grenache x Cabernet Sauvignon) x Gloryvine and (Sumoll x Cabernet Sauvignon) x Gloryvine. Cuttings from mature vines of V. vinifera cultivars, or from clonal Gloryvine, gave explants which failed to produce buds. Results are discussed in relation to effects of composition of media, origin of explant, maturity of the mother plant and genotype.Organogenese bei Internodienexplaotaten von RebenBei Kalluskulturen aus Internodien verschiedener Rebsorten, -kreuzungen und -arten wurde die Organogenese untersucht. Adventivwurzeln bildeten sich auf zahlreichen Nährmedien und bei vielen Genotypen. Adventivknospen entstanden an Explantaten in Schüttelkulturen auf einem flüssigen Medium nach NITSCH mit einem Zusatz von Benzyladenin (1 μM) und 2,4-D (5 μM) oder einem Gemisch von 2,4-D und ß-Naphthyloxyessigsäure (5 μM). Knospen bildeten sich nur in Kulturen aus Sämlingen von Muscadinia rotundifolia, Gloryvine (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis rupestris SCHEELE) sowie V. vinifera x Gloryvine, nämlich (Grenache x Cabernet Sauvignon) x Gloryvine und (Sumoll x Cabernet Sauvignon) x Gloryvine. Aus ausgereiftem Holz von V. -vinifera-Sorten oder einem Gloryvine-Klon hergestellte Stecklinge ergaben Explantate, die keine Knospenbildung zeigten. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Zusammensetzung der Nährmedien, den Ursprung des Explantats, den Reifezustand der Mutterpflanze und den Genotyp diskutiert

Threshold Effects on Quasi-degenerate Neutrinos with High-scale Mixing Unification

We consider threshold effects on neutrino masses and mixings in a recently proposed model for understanding large solar and atmospheric mixing angles using radiative magnification for the case of quasi-degenerate neutrinos. We show that the magnitude of the threshold effects is sufficient to bring concordance between the predictions of this model and latest data from ${\rm KamLAND}$ and ${\rm SNO}$ on observations of neutrino oscillations.Comment: Four pages, no figure

Lesser Known Ethnomedicinal Plants of Alagar Hills, Madurai District of Tamil Nadu, India

The ethnobotanical uses of plant species viz. Embelia basal (Roxb.) DC., Gymnema lactiferum R.Br., Ophiorrhiza mungos L., and Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp. were recorded from Alagar hills of Madurai district, Tamil Nadu

Classification of EEG signals on standing, walking and running dataset using LSTM-RNN

Undoubtedly one of the most important strands of the brain-computer interface (BCI) method is an alternate communication method via brain signals. BCI converts electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from a perception of activity in the brain into user action utilising software and hardware. BCI has piqued the interest of researchers in a wide range of disciplines, such as cognitive science, deep learning, pattern matching, drug treatment medicine, etc. Patients suffering from neuro and cognitive disorders can be assisted through BCI, potentially enabling communication via gestures or just mental imagination. In this paper, a novel combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for extracting the best features and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is adopted for classifying the EEG signals acquired during standing, walking and running on a treadmill. The dataset used is freely downloaded from Open Science Framework repository. The proposed DWT-LSTMRNN method delivers 96.7% accuracy while classifying four different signals, and thus has the potential to be investigated further on BCI competition datasets that will pave way for a real-time application

An Intelligent Sensor based Automatic Attendance Management System Using IoT

The need for intelligent and distributed monitoring systems based on sensor networks of diverse application systems is growing as a result of the field of industrial control in network applications developing so quickly. It is required to check the body temperatures and attendance when students and staffs visit schools and colleges during this COVID 19 pandemic. A solution is developed here for the purpose of tracking temperatures and attendance management using a smart thermometer without being in contact in order to keep social distance. The person (both staff and student) faces are captured by the ESP32 Camera for training and testing purposes. After the training is over, the ESP32 Micro Controller board registers the student or faculty facial image. For attendance purposes, the MLX90614 IR Temperature Sensor will measure the body temperature of students or instructors. Both the collected data and the email-based attendance notification will be transferred to the cloud using IoT. The message "Please leave the college and take care of your health" will be communicated to the person if their temperature exceeds the threshold level

Radiative stability of neutrino-mass textures

Neutrino-mass textures proposed at high-scales are known to be unstable against radiative corrections especially for nearly degenerate eigen values. Within the renormalization group constraints we find a mechanism in a class of gauge theories which guarantees reproduction of any high-scale texture at low energies with radiative stability. We also show how the mechanism explains solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies through the bimaximal texture at high scale.Comment: 4 pages REVTEX, 1 Postscript fi

Neutrino Mixings and Leptonic CP Violation from CKM Matrix and Majorana Phases

The high scale mixing unification hypothesis recently proposed by three of us (R. N. M., M. K. P. and G. R.) states that if at the seesaw scale, the quark and lepton mixing matrices are equal then for quasi-degenerate neutrinos, radiative corrections can lead to large solar and atmospheric mixings and small reactor angle at the weak scale in agreement with data. Evidence for quasi-degenerate neutrinos could, within this framework, be interpreted as a sign of quark-lepton unification at high scale. In the current work, we extend this model to show that the hypothesis works quite successfully in the presence of CP violating phases (which were set to zero in the first paper). In the case where the PMNS matrix is identical to the CKM matrix at the seesaw scale, with a Dirac phase but no Majorana phase, the low energy Dirac phase is predicted to be ($\simeq 0.3^{\circ}$) and leptonic CP-violation parameter $J_{CP} \simeq (4 - 8)\times 10^{-5}$ and $\theta_{13} = 3.5^{\circ}$. If on the other hand, the PMNS matrix is assumed to also have Majorana phases initially, the resulting theory damps radiative magnification phenomenon for a large range of parameters but nevertheless has enough parameter space to give the two necessary large neutrino mixing angles. In this case, one has $\theta_{13} = 3.5^{\circ} - 10^{\circ}$ and $|J_{CP}|$ as large as $0.02-0.04$ which are accessible to long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.Comment: 15 pages and 10 figures, typo correcte

One pion events by atmospheric neutrinos: A three flavor analysis

We study the one-pion events produced via neutral current (NC) and charged current (CC) interactions by the atmospheric neutrinos. We analyze the ratios of these events in the framework of oscillations between three neutrino flavors. The ratios of the CC events induced by $\nu_e$ to that of the NC events and a similar ratio defined with $\nu_\mu$ help us in distinguishing the different regions of the neutrino parameter space.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures (separate postscript files